Effects of Aging - 1096 Words

The Effects of Aging Krista Halverson September 4, 2010 Human Lifespan Development Barbara Kennedy The transformation that takes place throughout one’s life is inevitable. The growth and development of becoming an adult forces many body and mind changes. Physical appearance, mental capability and other issues all take place in our later adult years. All of these changes happen at different times for everyone. Nobody ages at the same rate. Aging is impossible to run away from but millions of people spend countless dollars to slow the aging process. The biggest notable changes occur between the ages of 50 and 60. Some physical changes can be postponed by frequent medical visits with a doctor. Most in the†¦show more content†¦Knowing that one’s life is fulfilled also helps the aging process. Reference: John M de Castro (2002). Age-related changes in the social, psychological, and temporal influences on food intake in free-living healthy, adult humans. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A Biological sciences and medical sciences, 57A(6), M368-77. Retrieved September 4, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 125338371). http://www.apa.org/pi/aging/memory-and-aging.pdf, Retrieved September 4, 2010. Sawyer, K. and Castaneda-Sceppa, C. (2010). Impact of aerobic physical activity on cardiovascular and noncardiovascular outcomes: is anyone too old to exercise? [Aging Health, 6(2), 251-260. Retrieved September 4, 2010, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. (Document ID: 1991306451). Smith, S. (2009). Coping with the mystery of death. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 181(8), 504-5. Retrieved September 4, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID:Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Aging On Aging And Aging1343 Words   |  6 Pagesover time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very uncertain. Besides, there are several factors which predispose an individual to premature aging. Current theories suggest that this process occurs to due to cellular damage such as DNA oxidation by free radicals causing biological systems to fail. Internal processes such as DNA methylation may also result in aging. Predisposing factors such as space escapades, use of chemically intoxicated substancesRead MoreAging And Its Effects On The Aging1360 Words   |  6 Pagesover time. The changes include physical, social and psychological changes. Causes of aging are very uncertain. Besides, there are several factors which predispose an individual to premature aging. Current theories suggest that this process occurs to due to cellular damage such as DNA oxidation by free radicals causing biological systems to fail. Internal processes such as DNA methylation may also result in aging. 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This loss can result from either a sedentary lifestyle (secondary aging) or by following a natural body course (primary aging). By maintaining an active lifestyle, individuals are able to delay the effects of aging on the body. They are able to maintainRead MoreAging And Its Effects On Humans Essay1949 Words   |  8 Pages Aging is a not well comprehended process that results in a progressive decline of cells, tissues and organisms until death. Aging is inevitable and influenced by our genetic makeup and environmental factors. Even though it seems impossible to prevent aging, scientists have been studying how to slow down the aging process. Indirect evidence shows that several phyt ochemicals found in plants can have longevity effects in certain microorganism, although no quality evidence for anti-aging effects onRead MoreThe Effect Of Fructose On The Aging Process1291 Words   |  6 Pagesmolecules play a role in the aging process. The Maillard process is dependent on the reactivity of the sugar involved. Fructose is much more reactive than glucose. In vivo, the rate of non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin was 7.5 greater, and the rate of protein cross-linking (a marker of aging) was 10 times greater, in the presence of fructose than in the presence of glucose. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that fructose has a much greater implication in the aging process than glucose, takingRead MoreEffects of Aging on Cognitive Development898 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Aging on Cognitive Development Daphney Walker PSYCH/640 May 5, 2014 Holly Berry Effects of Aging on Cognitive Development Aging is a natural process of life however, studies show that there are some age-related decline in cognitive development. As a person grows older some brain cell dies, shrink, or weaken and cause some decline in brain functions. Some cognitive processes include attention, working memory, long-term memory, perception, and executive control. The material willRead MoreEffects Of Aging On The Elderly Population888 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Several aspects of aging can be debilitating for the elderly population, as they often include loneliness, general decline, and lack of social support (Anisman, 2014). The senior population, already at large, is projected to surpass that of other age groups and increase the burden on our health care system. Only a small proportion of individuals age successfully, with the majority experiencing a spectrum of cognitive impairments that can manifest into neurodegenerative disorders. ThisRead MoreThe Effect Of Aging On Neural Cells1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of Aging on Neural Cells Introduction: Neurogenesis is defined as the creation of new brain cells. Before studies proved that neural cells do have the capacity to proliferate and repair themselves, it was often believed that species are born with a distinct amount of neural cells and as time passes, these cells would die without the ability to be healed or replaced. It was thought that the cells were mainly formed during the embryonic and perinatal stages in the mammals (Ming and SongRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Aging And Cognitive Health900 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction While aging appears to be an inevitable part of life, recent research would suggest otherwise. Many factors contribute to the rate at which we age and the severity at which our bodies begin to break down. Such factors include genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. All of these factors can have differing and ranging effects on health. Genetic predisposition is good to know but it doesn’t give an individual a lot of control. Environmental factors can only be controlled

Concept Analysis of Pain Free Essays

string(82) " muscles moving and to later decrease pain as it relates to contributing factors\." Concept Analysis of Pain Kwanei Holloway Austin Peay State University Abstract Pain has always been a major factor in healthcare. This paper will describe pain as it relates to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. All of the information gathered is analyzed in reference to how pain relates to hospital stay, rehabilitation, and prevention. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept Analysis of Pain or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will ultimately give an overall picture of the importance of pain and how it relates to nursing as well as other disciplines. Introduction This paper is a concept analysis of what is known as the fifth vital sign PAIN. As stated by Hsiao, Wu, Chen (2013), Nursing staff are the major group of healthcare professionals who perform crucial functions in delivering nursing care to inpatients. I will attempt to describe pain as it relates to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. When selecting a concept, I began by thinking what is an important factor in the nursing field and could be analyzed in more detail. Pain is a factor that is thought of differently by many. It is a very subjective factor and that applies to the patients, physicians, and nurses. Yes, it is the patient that feels the pain but it is the physician who writes the orders and the nurse who transcribes it. I then figured that this area of nursing practice would be a great concept to analyze. Pain is a feeling triggered in the nervous system. Pain may be sharp or dull. It may come and go, or it may be constant. You may feel pain in one area of your body, such as your back, abdomen or chest or you may feel pain all over, such as when your muscles ache from the flu. Pain can be helpful in diagnosing a problem. Without pain, you might seriously hurt yourself without knowing it, or you might not realize you have a medical problem that needs treatment. Once you take care of the problem, pain usually goes away. However, sometimes pain goes on for weeks, months or even years. This is called chronic pain. Sometimes chronic pain is due to an ongoing cause, such as cancer or arthritis (â€Å"Pain†). In the nursing field as well as any other areas of healthcare, pain is a vital factor when dealing with the delivery of care. It is the responsibility of he physician to ensure relief from pain by writing the orders, it is the responsibility of the nurse to carry out the orders and give the pain medication, and in the area of physical therapy it is their responsibility to ensure that the patient is medicated to retrieve the best results while in therapy. Purpose and Method The purposes are to define what pain is considered to be in relationship to the patient, nurse, physician, and physical ther apist. It is also, to find out the subjectiveness of the fifth vital sign and to explore pain as it relates to hospitalization. Walker Avant (2005) guided this concept analysis study. Pain in Nursing Almost 35 million patients were discharged from U. S. hospitals in 2004; of these patients, 46 percent had a surgical procedure and 16 percent had one or more diagnostic procedures. Pain is common, and expected, after surgery. Recent data suggest 80 percent of patients experience pain postoperatively with between 11 and 20 percent experiencing severe pain, (Wells, Pasero, Mcraffery, 2008). There are many contributing factors as pain relates to nursing. Pain is the main factor that contributes to a person deciding to seek medical attention. It is very important to include this as a part of an assessment because it can affect so many other things. It can cause a blood pressure to be elevated, it can increase a blood glucose, and can cause an overall disturbance in the patients’ hospital stay or ADL’s. In nursing our aim is to provide comfort and surrccome to the patients’ needs as a part of their overall care plan. As stated by Wells, Pasero, Mcraffery, 2008, inadequately managed pain can lead to adverse physical and psychological patient outcomes for individual patients and their families. Continuous, unrelieved pain activates the pituitary-adrenal axis, which can suppress the immune system and result in postsurgical infection and poor wound healing. Pain in Medicine Medical professionals have a big impact on pain as it relates to healthcare. Physicians have to generate a care plan that will ultimately be in the favor of the patient as far as relieving the pain in the most appropriate way. This is achieved by not altering consciousness, normal ADL’s, and in the correct combination with other medications. The board strongly urges physicians and surgeons to view effective pain management as a high priority in all patients, including children, the elderly, and patients who are terminally ill. Pain should be assessed and treated promptly, effectively and for as long as pain persists. The medical management of pain should be based on up-to-date knowledge about pain, pain assessment and pain treatment (â€Å"Guidelines for prescribing,† 2007). Nociception is the term used to describe the neural processes by which a noxious substance or a tissue damaging event such as surgical incision is perceived as pain (Fig 1). This is described in four stages, transduction, transmission, perception and modulation. Nociception involves a complex interaction between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) as well as an evaluation of patients’ pre and post-operative psychological and environmental influences (Wood, 2010). Pain in Physical Therapy Due to factors such as surgery, stroke, or basic deconditioning there is a need for rehabilitation. Physical Therapist play an essential role in the patients’ road to recovery. A patient-centered rehabilitative approach that emphasizes restoration of normal movement and function incorporates physical therapy as a vital component of the collaborative approach required for effective pain management (â€Å"Physical therapy for,† 1998). Overall therapy is lessened with pain. Patients move slower and are less involved with therapy if pain is present. Therapy is put into place to get those muscles moving and to later decrease pain as it relates to contributing factors. You read "Concept Analysis of Pain" in category "Essay examples" These factors may include surgeries (hip or knee replacements), amputations (AKA, BKA, Metatarsal, and digital), and weakness (from CVA, CABG, and decrease movements). Patients with pain perceive an equivalent level of exertion at a significantly lower level of performance, a finding accounted for by both central (cardiorespiratory) and peripheral (muscle strength and recruitment) factors. Inactivity also deprives bones, joint cartilage, and connective tissue of the mechanical stress necessary to maintain tensile and compressive strength and elasticity. Evidence is building that motor control and proprioceptive efficiency are altered, balance is compromised, and reaction times are slower in persons who are unfit or have pain (â€Å"Physical therapy for†, 1998). Essential/Critical Attributes According to Cheng, Foster Huang, (2003) the critical attributes of pain include: (a) unpleasant and distressful experiences originating from physical sensation and having both positive and negative meanings for an individual; (b) an individual human experience; (c) a state of feeling in both sensation and emotion (verbal), and behavioral components; (d) physical and psychological responses to the stimulus; (e) function of pain, including protective and warning signs; (f) pain responses are learned and influenced by personality, environment, emotions, social and culture. Model Case Mrs. K is a 37 year old female with recent diagnosis of breast cancer. She has recently undergone a mastectomy and is now in the hospital for recovery. Upon the nurses’ hourly rounds she discovered Mrs. K crying, when asked what the nurse could do to help she stated that â€Å"I am in pain and can’t believe that I only have one breast now, I’m ugly and would have never thought it would hurt this bad†. The nurse consoled her and brought pain meds. When returning the patient thanked the nurse for the talk and she stated that the pain had eased and she always thought she would have breast cancer due to both her mom and grandmother having it. Related Case Mrs. T is a 35 year old female with breast soreness and discharge. She was found to only have fibroid tissue and nothing metastatic in her breast, but due to family history she elected to have bilateral mastectomies. She was ordered a PCA pump due to hourly pain calls and when the nurse entered the room she was crying c/o continuous pain. She states â€Å"I can’t take this pain and I hate I did this†. The nurse took time to talk with the patient and informed the physician of her crying and got new orders. During the nurses hourly rounds she found her sitting up on the phone and she explained to the nurse that she feels better and glad that she had the surgery because she did not want to go through what her mother and grandmother went through with breast cancer. Contrary Case Mr. M is a 45 year old that had a motor vehicle accident when he was 20 and is now going from hospital to hospital to try to get IV pain medication. He complains of back pain but x-ray results does not show any back issues but due to out of control behavior he is admitted and given pain medication. He refuses all by mouth pain meds and demands IV meds. He does not show any signs of pain when assessed and all staff believes him to be addicted to pain medication. A psych consult is ordered. This patient is not in true pain but has psychiatric issues. Antecedents and Consequences For this particular concept the antecedents and consequences would be all interrelated due to the fact that in nursing, medicine, and physical therapy the same factors apply for pain. Environmental, personal and cultural values act as antecedents related to the concept of pain. The consequences of pain are related to pain reaction and the individual’s own interpretation of the meaning of pain. Pain reaction has a more physical and biological focus; coping with pain refers to the perception of pain and is psychologically focused (Cheng, Foster ; Huang, 2003). When thinking of environmental, personal, and cultural values you begin to think of things such as the patients comorbidities, what the patient perceives as pain, and in their culture how is pain thought of. In many cultures it may be thought of that you must tolerate pain as long as you can while in other cultures their pain threshold is low so any uncomfortable feeling renders a pain medication. Consequences ultimately come from the patient themselves, what is perceived as pain and their history of pain. For example, a patient that has had a laminectomy may think because the pain was horrific the first time that it will be the same the next time, expecting the same relief factors even if the pain is not the same. Empirical Referents Empirical Referents are stated as what it used to measure the concept. Pain is very subjective and they have yet to invent an objective test that will give you the accuracy of some ones pain. They are measured by a scaling system. Most scales make pain measurable, and can tell providers whether your pain is mild, moderate or severe. They can also set baselines and trends for your pain, making it easier to find appropriate treatments. This includes the Numerical Rating scale asking for a pain rating on a scale of 1-10, the Wong-Baker scale which will include facial expressions to emphasize pain, or the Verbal-rating scale and in this scale the patient must complete a questionnaire to describe their pain in more detail (Jacques, 2010). Implications in Nursing In nursing pain is a major factor in treating the patient as it relates to the overall hospitalization. How are we able to get the blood pressure down if the patient is in constant pain? or how can I discharge a patient when they are in a lot of pain? Implications in nursing goes for all aspects of nursing from skin integrity to normal ADL’s. A patient may not turn as they should because they are in the fetal position due to pain which could cause skin issues or pain will cause them not to take a bath as usual. Pain can even cause depression as it decreases normal functioning. This concept is very important in the nursing field and should be treated and assessed appropriately. Conclusion In conclusion I chose to analyze pain as it relates to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. It is a major factor in that it is related to all aspects of care that is received by these disciplines. Pain is the main contributing factor that causes someone to seek medical attention. Without pain we could have serious issues being that we would not know when were sick, burned, or injured. Pain is very important in healthcare and applies to nursing, medicine, and physical therapy. References Desai, G. , ; Chaturvedi, S. (2012). Pain with no cause! urses’ perception. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 18(3), 162. Retrieved from http://www. medknow. com Hsiao, J. L. , Wu, W. C. , Chen , R. F. (2013). Factors of accepting pain management decision support systems by nurse anesthetists. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 13, 16. Retrieved from http://www. biomedcentral. com/bmcmedinformdecismak/ (n. d. ). Pain. Med Plus Trusted Information for You, Retrieved fr om http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/pain. html Walker, L. Avant, K. (2005). Strategies for theory construction in nursing (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Wells, N. , Pasero, C. , McCaffery, M. (2008). Improving the quality of care through pain assessment and management. Patient Safety and Quality: An evidence based handbook for nursing, Retrieved from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK2658/ (2007). Guidelines for prescribing controlled substances for pain. Medical Board of California, Retrieved from http://www. mbc. ca. gov/pain_guidelines. html Wood, S. (2010). Post operative pain 1: Understanding the factors affecting patients’ experiences of pain. Retrieved from http://www. nursingtimes. et/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/pain-management/post-operative-pain-1-understanding-the-factors-affecting-patients-experiences-of-pain/5021696. article (1998). Physical therapy for chronic pain. 6(3), Retrieved from www. iasp-pain. org/AM/TemplateRedirect. cfm? template=/CM/†¦ Cheng, S. , Foster, R. , Huang, C. (2003). Concept analysis of pain. Retrieved from www. tzuchi. com. tw/file/DivIntr o/nursing/content/92-3/3. Jacques, E. (2010). Using pain scales to effectively communicate pain intensity. Can you rate your pain? , Retrieved from http://pain. about. com/od/testingdiagnosis/a/pain_scales. htm How to cite Concept Analysis of Pain, Essay examples

Drake Successful Essay free essay sample

The chorus and title of the song was the main part of the reason why I decided to choose this song. For one Drake is one of my all time favorite music artists next to Ill Wayne. He motivates me to be who I am and puts me in a positive attitude with his creative lyrics. I chose this song because It shows how Drake wants to be successful In his life and how he keeps himself going to achieve his dreams.He pushes past the troubles In his life and all the hate everyone throws at him to do what he wants to do, produce music, as he Is on pretty much every hip hop radio station and selling e. One reason I chose this song was because I listen too lot of hip hop music and well pretty much anything, but hip hop Is up on my list. When talking about music that motivates me I would have to pick between Drake and Mine, because they both can put such emotion in a few words to make it a paragraph of meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Drake Successful Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What they can do with their music amazes me. I like the way this song flows when hes rapping and how the words go together. The flow and the words he says make sense. Compared to other rappers who dont even make sense when they rap is not like Drake at all. He has a meaning to his music and this song is about him and all of his success in life so far. I chose Successful because its about Drake and what he wants to be, what he wants to do and he achieves what he wants in the end. He wants to rap, make money and live the good life, pretty much like everyones dream to be famous and rich.Starting out saying that he wants it all and the money isnt enough to solve your problems; it can destroy your life and change you is what I pulled from that line. To ignoring the hate and doing what he wants, what he is doing is starting to pay off by getting awards and making money. Signing with other music artists and Young Money Entertainment, Drake is well on his way to where he wants to be as a hip hop artist. The part of the song l want it all, thats why I strive for it, disks me and youll never hear a reply for it. That Just shows no matter what he is going to try for what he wants and nothing will stop him his dream. He ignores the hate that he gets and keeps the troubles of his life in his past to begin as a fresh young rapper. It shows that Drake has a lot of self motivation to keep him going. Which Is what I Like about him, he is independent Just like I am. I do things my way and plan what I want o do by myself, no one tells me how I should live my live, so the way Drake Influences me to be myself is a reason why I look up to him.First hearing this song on the radio I didnt really pay much attention to It. I was lust listening to the beat and not really listening to the meaning of the song, the lyrics. When I first started to understand what Drake Is talking about In this song I listened to It more and more. I can relate to him In some ways too, I want to be successful in my life too, like most people do. I want to do something that will make me different from the crowd, pursue my dreams and do what I want. That is why Drake influences me and that is why I chose the song Successful by Drake. By rumpuses creative lyrics.I chose this song because it shows how Drake wants to be successful in his life and how he keeps himself going to achieve his dreams. He pushes past the troubles in his life and all the hate everyone throws at him to do what he wants to do, produce music, as he is on pretty much every hip hop radio station and selling millions of albums every week, I would have to say he made it to where he wants to be. One reason I chose this song was because I listen to a lot of hip hop music and well pretty much anything, but hip hop is up on my list. When talking about music famous and rich.